CHEARS

DRUGS USED FOR MODERATE AND SEVERE CASES OF COVID-19 AND THEIR ACTIONS

“AAAS”

ANTIVIRAL DRUG:

Hydroxychloroquine: Action:How the HCQ react Covid-19 patients .HCQ accumulates in the lysosomes of the parasite.This activity interferes with the parasite’s ability to proteolyse hemoglobin, preventing the normal growth and replication of the parasite.HCQ accumulation in human organelles also raise their pH,which inhibits antigen processing,and reduce the inflammatory response.The raised pH in endosomes,prevent virus particles such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.

AZITHROMYCIN:

Drug class-ANTIBIOTIC

Action.How the azithromycin reacts Covid-19 patients.Azithromycin binds to the ribosomal proteins.It stops the bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis .It control of various bacterial infections.

IVERMECTIN:

Drug class-Antiparasite drug.

Action: Ivermectin binds selectively to the cell membrane of the parasite.Then it hyperpolarisation of the cell,leading to paralysis and death of the parasite.It cause cell lysis.

REMDESIVIR:

Drug class- Antiviral drug

Remdesivir effects are seen best in patients with early presentation and those requiring only low flow oxygen.

Action: Remdesivir is a nucleoside analog uses to treat RNA virus infections including COVID-19.Remdesivir enters cells before being cleaved to its monophosphate from through the action.It works by stopping the virus from spreading in the body.Remedisivir substitutes this RNA polymerase,meaning the RNA cant develop so the virus cannot replicate itself.

ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS:

DEXAMETHASONE-

Drug class- Steroids.

ACTION:

Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used in a wide range of conditions for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.Low doses of dexamethasone could reduce the mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 disease.The corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries,as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation.Low doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect,while higher doses are immunosuppressive.

METHYLPREDNISOLONE:

Drug class : Glucocorticoids

Action:

Methylprednisolone are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries,as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation.It’s acts in various ways to decrease the inflammatory cycle and inhibiting the T cells.

TOCILIZUMAB:

Drug class: IL-6 Inhibitors

Used to treat patients suffering from moderate to severe covid-19 infection who have persistent hypoxia.Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by cells including T-cells,B-cells, lymphocytes, monocytes,fibroblasts.IL-6 also induces antibody production,induces cytotoxic T-cell differentiation,and inhibits regulatory T-cell differentiation.Tocilizumab binds soluble and membrane bound IL-6 receptors,Preventing IL-6 mediated inflammation.

ANTICOAGULATION:

Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are preferably anticoagulated with prophylactic doses of LMWH/UFH.

LMWH-LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN:

Drug class:

Action: LMWH exerts their anticoagulant activity by activating antithrombin.This accelerates its inhibition of activated factor X in conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.Thus thrombin cannot convert fibrinogen to fibrin strands and clot formation.

UFH-UNFRACTINED HEPARIN

Drug class:

Action: UFH binds to antithrombin and enhances its ability to inhibit two of the body’s most potent clotting factors.Factor Xa and Factor 2a usually within minutes.UFH doesn’t break down clots,but it keeps them from growing and stops new ones from forming.

SUPPLEMENTS:

VITAMIN C:

Action: Vitamin C plays an important role in the body.It is needed to maintain the health of skin,cartilage,teeth,bone and blood vessels.It is also used to protect your body’s cells from damage.It is known as an antioxidant.

VITAMIN D:

Action: Vitamin D binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression.like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones,the vitamin D receptor has hormone binding and DNA-binding domains.

ZINC:

Action: Zinc restores muscular barrier integrity and electrocyte brush border enzyme activity.Zinc helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses.The body also needs Zinc to make proteins and DNA,the genetic material in all cells.