CHEARS

Screening is essential to detect the disease at an early stage. Screening is also beneficial when the target disease is in specific population.

1. Breast cancer

• Breast self examination
• Clinical examination for women with 29-30 years of age every 3 years is recommended.
• Mammography: It is an x-ray of breast used to identify tumor and its location. Women of 60-70 years of age should test at every 2 year of interval.

2. Cervical cancer

• Pap test: Pap smear test at every 3 year is recommended at the age from 35.
• HPV Test: Human papilloma virus test is used to detect the HPV virus but cannot detect the cancer . HPV positive person have increased risk of cervical cancer.

3. Ovarian cancer

• Adnexal palpation
• Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)
• CA-125 assay: This test is used to measure the amount of protein CA 125 that determines the early sign of ovarian cancer.

4. Skin cancer

• Complete skin examination through visualization.

5. Prostrate cancer

• Prostrate specific antigen (PSA)
• After 50 years of age, regular testing should be done.

6. Colorectal cancer

• Sigmoidscopy: For Adults of 50-70 years is recommended with high sensitivity.
• Feccal occult blood
• Colonoscopy
• FEcal DNA Testing
• CT colonography

7. Lung cancer

• Low dose computed tomography ( CT Scan) : Age of 55-80 yearswith more than or equal to 30 pack per year smoking history are highly susceptible. or the ones who has past history of 15 years of continuous smoking.